In battery technology, "cells" are the fundamental units responsible for storing and releasing electrical energy. Each cell within a battery is composed of three primary components: a positive electrode (cathode), a negative electrode (anode), and an electrolyte that facilitates the movement of ions between these electrodes. When a battery is in use, a chemical reaction occurs between the cathode and anode, driving the flow of electrons and generating electricity.
The concept of voltage in battery cells is crucial. Voltage, often described as the electrical potential difference, is a measure of the energy per unit charge. In a cell, the voltage is determined by the type of chemical reaction occurring between the cathode and anode materials. Different materials and chemistries result in varying cell voltages. For instance, a typical lithium-ion cell has a nominal voltage around 3.7 volts.